GraalJS

GraalJS is a JavaScript engine implemented in Java on top of GraalVM. It is an ECMAScript-compliant runtime to execute JavaScript and Node.js applications, and includes all the benefits from the GraalVM stack including interoperability with Java. GraalJS is an open-source project.

The goals of GraalJS are:

• Full compatibility with the latest ECMAScript specification
• Interoperability with Java
• Interoperability with WebAssembly using the JavaScript WebAssembly API
• Running JavaScript with the best possible performance
• Support for Node.js applications, including native packages
• Simple upgrading from applications based on Nashorn or Rhino
• Embeddability in systems like Oracle RDBMS or MySQL

Getting Started

As of version 23.1.0, GraalJS is available as Maven artifacts. We also provide standalone distributions of the JavaScript and Node.js runtimes.

Maven Artifacts

Thanks to GraalJS, you can easily embed JavaScript into a Java application. All necessary artifacts can be downloaded directly from Maven Central.

All artifacts relevant to embedders can be found in the Maven dependency group org.graalvm.polyglot.

Below is a minimal Maven dependency setup that you can copy into your pom.xml:

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.graalvm.polyglot</groupId>
    <artifactId>polyglot</artifactId>
    <version>${graaljs.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.graalvm.polyglot</groupId>
    <artifactId>js</artifactId>
    <version>${graaljs.version}</version>
    <type>pom</type>
</dependency>

This enables GraalJS which is built on top of Oracle GraalVM and licensed under the GraalVM Free Terms and Conditions (GFTC). Use js-community if you want to use GraalJS built on GraalVM Community Edition.

To access polyglot isolate artifacts (GFTC only), use the -isolate suffix instead (e.g. js-isolate).

See the polyglot embedding demonstration on GitHub for a complete runnable example.

You can use GraalJS with GraalVM JDK, Oracle JDK, or OpenJDK. If you prefer running on a stock JVM, have a look at Run GraalJS on a Stock JDK. Note that in this mode many features and optimizations of GraalVM are not available. Due to those limitations, running on a stock JVM is not a supported feature - please use a GraalVM instead.

Standalone Distributions

Standalone distributions are published on GitHub. There are two language runtime options to choose from:

• Native launcher compiled ahead of time with GraalVM Native Image;
• JVM-based runtime.

To distinguish between them, a standalone that comes with a JVM has a -jvm infix in the name. Also, the GraalVM Community Edition version has -community in the name, for example, graaljs-community-<version>-<os>-<arch>.tar.gz.

Four different configurations are available for each component and platform combination:

Runtime	License	Archive Infix
Native	GFTC	none
JVM	GFTC	-jvm
Native	UPL	-community
JVM	UPL	-community-jvm

To install GraalJS from a standalone, download and extract the archive from the GitHub Releases page. After the installation, the js or node executable in the bin subdirectory can be used to run JavaScript files or Node modules, respectively. If no file is provided on the command line, an interactive shell (REPL) will be spawned.

Note: If you are using macOS, first remove the quarantine attribute from the archive: shell sudo xattr -r -d com.apple.quarantine <archive>.tar.gz

Node.js Runtime

GraalJS can run unmodified Node.js applications. GraalVM's Node.js runtime is based on a recent version of Node.js, and runs the GraalJS engine instead of Google V8. It provides high compatibility with the existing NPM packages. This includes NPM packages with native implementations. Note that some NPM modules may require to be recompiled from source with GraalJS (if they ship with binaries that have been compiled for Node.js based on V8).

Node.js is available as a separate standalone distribution. See how to get started with Node.js.

Documentation

Extensive user documentation is available on the website. In addition, there is documentation in this repository under docs, for users and contributors. For contributing, see also a guide on how to build GraalJS from source code.

Compatibility

GraalJS is compatible with the ECMAScript 2026 specification. New features, new ECMAScript proposals, scheduled to land in future editions, are added frequently and are accessible behind an option. See the CHANGELOG.md for the proposals already adopted.

In addition, some popular extensions of other engines are supported. See GraalJS Compatibility.

Operating Systems Compatibility

The core JavaScript engine is a Java application and is thus compatible with every operating system that provides a compatible JVM. See Run GraalJS on a Stock JDK. We provide binary distributions and fully support GraalJS on Linux (x64, AArch64), macOS (AArch64), and Windows (x64).

Stay Connected with the Community

See graalvm.org/community for how to stay connected with the development community. The channel graaljs on graalvm.slack.com is a good way to get in touch with the team behind GraalJS. Report any GraalJS-specific issues at the oracle/graaljs GitHub repository.

License

GraalJS source code and community distributions are available under the Universal Permissive License (UPL), Version 1.0.

Non-community artifacts are provided under the GraalVM Free Terms and Conditions (GFTC) including License for Early Adopter Versions.