Image

Maintainers: @197g, @fintelia

How to contribute

An Image Processing Library

This crate provides basic image processing functions and methods for converting to and from various image formats.

All image processing functions provided operate on types that implement the GenericImageView and GenericImage traits and return an ImageBuffer.

High level API

Load images using [ImageReader]:

use std::io::Cursor;
use image::ImageReader;

let img = ImageReader::open("myimage.png")?.decode()?;
let img2 = ImageReader::new(Cursor::new(bytes)).with_guessed_format()?.decode()?;

And save them using [save] or [write_to] methods:

img.save("empty.jpg")?;

let mut bytes: Vec<u8> = Vec::new();
img2.write_to(&mut Cursor::new(&mut bytes), image::ImageFormat::Png)?;

Supported Image Formats

With default features enabled, image provides implementations of many common image format encoders and decoders.

Decoding support for additional image formats is provided by image-extras, and the same plugin interface lets third-party crates act as format implementations for image. If you need to handle some other image format, check crates.io for crates that implement it.

Feature Flags

Feature	Description
default-formats	Default Format support for common image formats: AVIF, BMP, EXR, FF, GIF, HDR, ICO, JPEG, PNG, PNM, QOI, TGA, TIFF, and WebP
rayon	Default Enables multi-threading with rayon context in some dependencies
nasm	Enables the build-time use of nasm for ravif, requires nasm installed
color_quant	Includes color_quant as an implementation of imageops::ColorMap
avif-native	Enables non-Rust dependencies of avif (mp4parse and dav1d)
serde	Enables serde integration for various structs and options

Note: When using image in a library you intend to publish, it is recommended to set default-features = false and then explicitly enable format features that are absolutely necessary. This ensures a smaller dependency tree and faster iteration time. The default feature configuration would also enable multithreading which may cause unexpected behavior when running for inherently single-threaded environments such as wasm targets.

Image Types

This crate provides a number of different types for representing images. Individual pixels within images are indexed with (0,0) at the top left corner.

ImageBuffer

An image parameterised by its Pixel type, represented by a width and height and a vector of pixels. It provides direct access to its pixels and implements the GenericImageView and GenericImage traits.

DynamicImage

A DynamicImage is an enumeration over all supported ImageBuffer<P> types. Its exact image type is determined at runtime. It is the type returned when opening an image. For convenience DynamicImage reimplements all image processing functions.

The GenericImageView and GenericImage Traits

Traits that provide methods for inspecting (GenericImageView) and manipulating (GenericImage) images, parameterised over the image's pixel type.

SubImage

A view into another image, delimited by the coordinates of a rectangle. The coordinates given set the position of the top left corner of the rectangle. This is used to perform image processing functions on a subregion of an image.

The ImageDecoder Trait

All image format decoders implement the ImageDecoder trait which provide basic methods for getting image metadata and decoding images.

The most important methods for decoders are...

• dimensions: Return a tuple containing the width and height of the image.
• color_type: Return the color type of the image data produced by this decoder.
• read_image: Decode the entire image into a slice of bytes.

Pixels

image provides the following pixel types:

• Rgb: RGB pixel
• Rgba: RGB with alpha (RGBA pixel)
• Luma: Grayscale pixel
• LumaA: Grayscale with alpha

All pixels are parameterised by their component type.

Image Processing Functions

These are the functions defined in the imageops module. All functions operate on types that implement the GenericImage trait. Note that some of the functions are very slow in debug mode. Make sure to use release mode if you experience any performance issues.

• blur: Performs a Gaussian blur on the supplied image.
• brighten: Brighten the supplied image.
• huerotate: Hue rotate the supplied image by degrees.
• contrast: Adjust the contrast of the supplied image.
• crop: Return a mutable view into an image.
• filter3x3: Perform a 3x3 box filter on the supplied image.
• flip_horizontal: Flip an image horizontally.
• flip_vertical: Flip an image vertically.
• grayscale: Convert the supplied image to grayscale.
• invert: Invert each pixel within the supplied image This function operates in place.
• resize: Resize the supplied image to the specified dimensions.
• rotate180: Rotate an image 180 degrees clockwise.
• rotate270: Rotate an image 270 degrees clockwise.
• rotate90: Rotate an image 90 degrees clockwise.
• unsharpen: Performs an unsharpen mask on the supplied image.

For more options, see the imageproc crate.

Examples

Opening and Saving Images

image provides the open function for opening images from a path. The image format is determined from the path's file extension. An io module provides a reader which offer some more control.

use image::GenericImageView;

// Use the open function to load an image from a Path.
// `open` returns a `DynamicImage` on success.
let img = image::open("tests/images/jpg/progressive/cat.jpg").unwrap();

// The dimensions method returns the images width and height.
println!("dimensions {:?}", img.dimensions());

// The color method returns the image's `ColorType`.
println!("{:?}", img.color());

// Write the contents of this image to the Writer in PNG format.
img.save("test.png").unwrap();

Generating Fractals

//! An example of generating julia fractals.
let imgx = 800;
let imgy = 800;

let scalex = 3.0 / imgx as f32;
let scaley = 3.0 / imgy as f32;

// Create a new ImgBuf with width: imgx and height: imgy
let mut imgbuf = image::ImageBuffer::new(imgx, imgy);

// Iterate over the coordinates and pixels of the image
for (x, y, pixel) in imgbuf.enumerate_pixels_mut() {
    let r = (0.3 * x as f32) as u8;
    let b = (0.3 * y as f32) as u8;
    *pixel = image::Rgb([r, 0, b]);
}

// A redundant loop to demonstrate reading image data
for x in 0..imgx {
    for y in 0..imgy {
        let cx = y as f32 * scalex - 1.5;
        let cy = x as f32 * scaley - 1.5;

        let c = num_complex::Complex::new(-0.4, 0.6);
        let mut z = num_complex::Complex::new(cx, cy);

        let mut i = 0;
        while i < 255 && z.norm() <= 2.0 {
            z = z * z + c;
            i += 1;
        }

        let pixel = imgbuf.get_pixel_mut(x, y);
        let image::Rgb(data) = *pixel;
        *pixel = image::Rgb([data[0], i as u8, data[2]]);
    }
}

// Save the image as “fractal.png”, the format is deduced from the path
imgbuf.save("fractal.png").unwrap();

Example output:

Writing raw buffers

If the high level interface is not needed because the image was obtained by other means, image provides the function save_buffer to save a buffer to a file.

let buffer: &[u8] = unimplemented!(); // Generate the image data

// Save the buffer as "image.png"
image::save_buffer("image.png", buffer, 800, 600, image::ExtendedColorType::Rgb8).unwrap()