realm/realm-java

[!WARNING] We announced the deprecation of Atlas Device Sync + Realm SDKs in September 2024. For more information please see:

• SDK Deprecation
• Device Sync Deprecation

Realm is a mobile database that runs directly inside phones, tablets or wearables. This repository holds the source code for the Java version of Realm, which currently runs only on Android.

Realm Kotlin

The Realm Kotlin SDK is now GA and can be used for both Android and Kotlin Multiplatform. While we are still adding features, please consider using Realm Kotlin for any new project, and let us know if you miss anything there!

Features

• Mobile-first: Realm is the first database built from the ground up to run directly inside phones, tablets, and wearables.
• Simple: Data is directly exposed as objects and queryable by code, removing the need for ORM's riddled with performance & maintenance issues. Plus, we've worked hard to keep our API down to very few classes: most of our users pick it up intuitively, getting simple apps up & running in minutes.
• Modern: Realm supports easy thread-safety, relationships & encryption.
• Fast: Realm is faster than even raw SQLite on common operations while maintaining an extremely rich feature set.
• Device Sync: Makes it simple to keep data in sync across users, devices, and your backend in real-time. Get started for free with a template application and create the cloud backend.

Getting Started

Please see the Quick Start to add Realm to your project.

Documentation

Documentation for Realm can be found in the docs/ directory.

The Javadoc and Kotlin Extensions API Reference docs can be generated from source.

Getting Help

• Got a question?: Look for previous questions on the #realm tag — or ask a new question. We actively monitor & answer questions on StackOverflow! You can also check out our Community Forum where general questions about how to do something can be discussed.
• Think you found a bug? Open an issue. If possible, include the version of Realm, a full log, the Realm file, and a project that shows the issue.
• Have a feature request? Open an issue. Tell us what the feature should do, and why you want the feature.

Using Snapshots

If you want to test recent bugfixes or features that have not been packaged in an official release yet, you can use a -SNAPSHOT release of the current development version of Realm via Gradle, available on Sonatype OSS

buildscript {
    repositories {
        mavenCentral()
        google()
        maven {
            url 'https://oss.sonatype.org/content/repositories/snapshots/'
        }
        jcenter()
    }
    dependencies {
        classpath "io.realm:realm-gradle-plugin:<version>-SNAPSHOT"
    }
}

allprojects {
    repositories {
        mavenCentral()
        google()
        maven {
            url 'https://oss.sonatype.org/content/repositories/snapshots/'
        }
        jcenter()
    }
}

See version.txt for the latest version number.

Building Realm

In case you don't want to use the precompiled version, you can build Realm yourself from source.

Prerequisites

• Download the JDK 8 from Oracle and install it.

• The latest stable version of Android Studio. Currently 4.1.1.

• Download & install the Android SDK Build-Tools 29.0.3, Android Pie (API 29) (for example through Android Studio’s Android SDK Manager).

• Install CMake version 3.18.4 and build Ninja.

• Install the NDK (Side-by-side) 21.0.6113669 from the SDK Manager in Android Studio. Remember to check ☑ Show package details in the manager to display all available versions.

• Add the Android home environment variable to your profile:

  export ANDROID_HOME=~/Library/Android/sdk
  

• If you are launching Android Studio from the macOS Finder, you should also run the following command:

  launchctl setenv ANDROID_HOME "$ANDROID_HOME"
  

• If you'd like to specify the location in which to store the archives of Realm Core, define the REALM_CORE_DOWNLOAD_DIR environment variable. It enables caching core release artifacts.

  export REALM_CORE_DOWNLOAD_DIR=~/.realmCore
  

  macOS users must also run the following command for Android Studio to see this environment variable.

  launchctl setenv REALM_CORE_DOWNLOAD_DIR "$REALM_CORE_DOWNLOAD_DIR"
  

It would be a good idea to add all of the symbol definitions (and their accompanying launchctl commands, if you are using macOS) to your ~/.profile (or ~/.zprofile if the login shell is zsh)

• If you develop Realm Java with Android Studio, we recommend you to exclude some directories from indexing target by executing following steps on Android Studio. It really speeds up indexing phase after the build.

  • Under /realm/realm-library/, select build, .cxx and distribution folders in Project view.
  • Press Command + Shift + A to open Find action dialog. If you are not using default keymap nor using macOS, you can find your shortcut key in Keymap preference by searching Find action.
  • Search Excluded (not Exclude) action and select it. Selected folder icons should become orange (in default theme).
  • Restart Android Studio.

Download sources

You can download the source code of Realm Java by using git. Since realm-java has git submodules, use --recursive when cloning the repository.

git clone git@github.com:realm/realm-java.git --recursive

or

git clone https://github.com/realm/realm-java.git --recursive

Build

Once you have completed all the pre-requisites building Realm is done with a simple command.

./gradlew assemble

That command will generate:

• a jar file for the Realm Gradle plugin
• an aar file for the Realm library
• a jar file for the annotations
• a jar file for the annotations processor

The full build may take an hour or more, to complete.

Building from source

It is possible to build Realm Java with the submodule version of Realm Core. This is done by providing the following parameter when building: -PbuildCore=true.

./gradlew assembleBase -PbuildCore=true

You can turn off interprocedural optimizations with the following parameter: -PenableLTO=false.

./gradlew assembleBase -PenableLTO=false`

Note: Building the Base variant would always build realm-core.

Note: Interprocedural optimizations are enabled by default.

Note: If you want to build from source inside Android Studio, you need to update the Gradle parameters by going into the Realm projects settings Settings > Build, Execution, Deployment > Compiler > Command-line options and add -PbuildCore=true or -PenableLTO=false to it. Alternatively you can add it into your gradle.properties:

buildCore=true
enableLTO=false

Note: If building on OSX you might like to prevent Gatekeeper to block all NDK executables by disabling it: sudo spctl --master-disable. Remember to enable it afterwards: sudo spctl --master-enable

Other Commands

• ./gradlew tasks will show all the available tasks
• ./gradlew javadoc will generate the Javadocs
• ./gradlew monkeyExamples will run the monkey tests on all the examples
• ./gradlew installRealmJava will install the Realm library and plugin to mavenLocal()
• ./gradlew clean -PdontCleanJniFiles will remove all generated files except for JNI related files. This reduces recompilation time a lot.
• ./gradlew connectedUnitTests -PbuildTargetABIs=$(adb shell getprop ro.product.cpu.abi) will build JNI files only for the ABI which corresponds to the connected device. These tests require a running Object Server (see below)

Generating the Javadoc using the command above may generate warnings. The Javadoc is generated despite the warnings.

Upgrading Gradle Wrappers

All gradle projects in this repository have wrapper task to generate Gradle Wrappers. Those tasks refer to gradle property defined in /dependencies.list to determine Gradle Version of generating wrappers. We have a script ./tools/update_gradle_wrapper.sh to automate these steps. When you update Gradle Wrappers, please obey the following steps.

1. Edit gradle property in defined in /dependencies.list to new Gradle Wrapper version.
2. Execute /tools/update_gradle_wrapper.sh.

Gotchas

The repository is organized into six Gradle projects:

• realm: it contains the actual library (including the JNI layer) and the annotations processor.
• realm-annotations: it contains the annotations defined by Realm.
• realm-transformer: it contains the bytecode transformer.
• gradle-plugin: it contains the Gradle plugin.
• examples: it contains the example projects. This project directly depends on gradle-plugin which adds a dependency to the artifacts produced by realm.
• The root folder is another Gradle project. All it does is orchestrate the other jobs.

This means that ./gradlew clean and ./gradlew cleanExamples will fail if assembleExamples has not been executed first. Note that IntelliJ does not support multiple projects in the same window so each of the six Gradle projects must be imported as a separate IntelliJ project.

Since the repository contains several completely independent Gradle projects, several independent builds are run to assemble it. Seeing a line like: :realm:realm-library:compileBaseDebugAndroidTestSources UP-TO-DATE in the build log does not imply that you can run ./gradlew :realm:realm-library:compileBaseDebugAndroidTestSources.

Examples

The ./examples folder contains many example projects showing how Realm can be used. If this is the first time you checkout or pull a new version of this repository to try the examples, you must call ./gradlew installRealmJava from the top-level directory first. Otherwise, the examples will not compile as they depend on all Realm artifacts being installed in mavenLocal().

Running Tests on a Device

To run these tests, you must have a device connected to the build computer, and the adb command must be in your PATH

1. Connect an Android device and verify that the command adb devices shows a connected device:

   adb devices
   List of devices attached
   004c03eb5615429f device
   

2. Run instrumentation tests:

   cd realm
   ./gradlew connectedBaseDebugAndroidTest
   

These tests may take as much as half an hour to complete.

Running Tests Using The Realm Object Server

Tests in realm/realm-library/src/syncIntegrationTest require a running testing server to work. A docker image can be built from tools/sync_test_server/Dockerfile to run the test server. tools/sync_test_server/start_server.sh will build the docker image automatically.

To run a testing server locally:

1. Install docker and run it.

2. Run tools/sync_test_server/start_server.sh:

   cd tools/sync_test_server
   ./start_server.sh
   

   This command will not complete until the server has stopped.

3. Run instrumentation tests

   In a new terminal window, run:

   cd realm
   ./gradlew connectedObjectServerDebugAndroidTest
   

Note that if using VirtualBox (Genymotion), the network needs to be bridged for the tests to work. This is done in VirtualBox > Network. Set "Adapter 2" to "Bridged Adapter".

These tests may take as much as half an hour to complete.

Contributing

See CONTRIBUTING.md for more details!

This project adheres to the MongoDB Code of Conduct. By participating, you are expected to uphold this code. Please report unacceptable behavior to community-conduct@mongodb.com.

The directory realm/config/studio contains lint and style files recommended for project code. Import them from Android Studio with Android Studio > Preferences... > Code Style > Manage... > Import, or Android Studio > Preferences... > Inspections > Manage... > Import. Once imported select the style/lint in the drop-down to the left of the Manage... button.

License

Realm Java is published under the Apache 2.0 license.

Realm Core is also published under the Apache 2.0 license and is available here.

Feedback

If you use Realm and are happy with it, all we ask is that you, please consider sending out a tweet mentioning @realm to share your thoughts!

And if you don't like it, please let us know what you would like improved, so we can fix it!